PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.